Author: instakas

  • Insurance coverage in Karnataka for forest officials | State Education Policy (SEP)

    Insurance coverage in Karnataka for forest officials

    Why in news :

    • Forest Department, outsourced personnel get insurance coverage in Karnataka

    Key Highlights

    • Agreement: A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between the Karnataka Forest, Ecology and Environment Department and Bank of Baroda.
    • Coverage: Provides ₹1 crore accidental death insurance to all permanent officers and staff, regardless of their cadre or salary.
    • Additional Duty Benefit: In case of accidental death while on duty, the bank will provide an additional ₹25 lakh.
    • Life Insurance: Permanent employees are also eligible for ₹10 lakh in life insurance coverage.
    • Outsourced Personnel Cover: Outsourced staff are provided with insurance coverage of ₹20 lakh.
    • Pensioner Extension: Personal accident insurance coverage remains valid up to the age of 70 for retired employees who continue their pension accounts with Bank of Baroda.

    State Education Policy (SEP)

    Why in news :

    • The State Education Policy (SEP)-2025 has made several recommendations like discarding the three-language formula and adopting a two-language formula instead

    Recommendations

    • Language Formula: Recommends discarding the three-language formula in favor of adopting a two-language formula.
    • Medium of Instruction: Proposes Kannada or the mother tongue as the medium of instruction for the primary education sector.
    • RTE Extension: Suggests extending the Right to Education (RTE) eligibility up to 18 years of age.
    • Reservation Policy: Recommends implementing a reservation matrix even within private educational institutes.

    Current status

    • Implementation Status: The policy has not yet been implemented, with hopes for rollout in the 2026-27 academic year. While an expert committee exists for higher education implementation, no such exercise has begun for school education.
    • KPS Magnet Schools: The government plans to develop 900 Karnataka Public Schools (KPS) as “magnet schools” (Pre-primary to II PUC) using an Asian Development Bank loan. 509 of these are set to be developed between 2025 and 2027.

    Additional Information –   KPS Magnet Schools in Karnataka

    • It is an an initiative to upgrade selected government schools into resource centers, merging smaller nearby schools (within 5-6 km)
    • Objective – to provide better infrastructure, digital learning, and comprehensive education (Pre-primary to Class 12) under one roof,
    • Significance – It aims to improve government education quality,
    • Concerns – The plan faces significant opposition due to fears of rural school closures, student displacement, and negative impacts on poor communities.
  • India Becomes World’s Largest Rice Producer | SAMPANN (System for Accounting and Management of Pension) | Wolf Supermoon | Suryastra Rocket Launcher System

    India Becomes World’s Largest Rice Producer

    Economy

    In News

    • India has become the world’s largest producer of rice, surpassing China.
    • India’s rice production has reached 150.18 million tonnes, compared to China’s 145.28 million tonnes.

    Rice

    • It is the most important food crop of India.
    • It is predominantly a Kharif or summer crop.

    Geographical conditions

    • Annual average temperature required – 22°C to 32°C.
    • Annual Average Rainfall -150-300 cm.
    • Soil: clayey and loamy soil.
    • Highest producing states – Based on data from the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare for the 2024–25 crop year (finalized in late 2025), the highest producers are:
    1. Uttar Pradesh: Produced 20.93 million tonnes
    2. Telangana: Produced 17.09 million tonnes
    3. West Bengal: Produced 16.49 million tonnes

    Importance

    • It is the staple food crop of a majority of the people in India.
    • It plays a significant role in the national food and livelihood security system.

    Do you know?

    ●    ICAR has developed India’s first genome-edited rice varieties – DRR Rice 100 (Kamla) and Pusa DST Rice

    ●    These varieties have the potential to bring about revolutionary changes in terms of higher production, climate adaptability, and water conservation

    SAMPANN (System for Accounting and Management of Pension)

    Polity and Governance

    Context

    • SAMPANN (System for Accounting and Management of Pension) is an integrated, online pension management system for Department of Telecommunications (DoT) pensioners.

    SAMPANN

    • It creates a single platform for processing, sanctioning and disbursing pension directly to the bank account of pensioners.
    • Implementing agency:- Controller General of Communication Accounts, Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications.
    • It also offers online grievance redressal, digital profile management and transaction record, enhancing transparency and efficiency for telecom retirees.

    Wolf Supermoon

    Science and Technology

    Context

    • The January 2026 Wolf Supermoon occurred recently.
    • A Wolf Supermoon combines two distinct concepts: Wolf Moon and Supermoon.

    Wolf Moon:

    • The term refers to the full moon occurring in January.
    • Such traditional names for full moons originated from seasonal patterns and were popularised through folklore and almanacs to mark time before modern calendars.
    • The name is associated with winter stories of wolves being heard more frequently, though it has no astronomical significance.

    Supermoon:

    • A supermoon is an astronomical phenomenon that occurs when a full moon coincides with the Moon’s closest approach to Earth, known as perigee.
    • The Moon follows an elliptical orbit, with its farthest point called apogee.

    Key Features

    • During a Wolf Supermoon, the Moon appears slightly larger and brighter than a typical full moon.
    • An associated visual effect is the Moon Illusion, where the Moon appears larger near the horizon due to human perception, not actual size change.

    Suryastra Rocket Launcher System

    Science and Technology

    Context

    • The Indian Army has signed a ₹293 crore contract with the NIBE Limited, in collaboration with Israel, for the supply of the long-range Suryastra Rocket Launcher system.

    Suryastra Rocket Launcher

    • It is India’s first indigenously manufactured universal multi-calibre rocket launche
    • It is capable of precision surface-to-surface strikes up to 300 km.
  • US Strikes on Venezuela | Somnath Swabhiman Parv | Human Rabies To Be Declared Notifiable Disease In Delhi

    US Strikes on Venezuela

    International

    Context

    • The US strikes on Venezuela have brought to the forefront concerns over violations of international law, breach of national sovereignty & reinforcing perceptions of U.S. imperialism.
    • However, data shows that the U.S. attack on Venezuela is unlikely to have any direct impact on India’s energy security.

    Probable Reasons for US Attack on Venezuela

    • Oil Reserves: Venezuela holds about 18% of the world’s oil reserves, more than Saudi Arabia (around 16%), Russia (about 5-6%), or the United States (around 4%).
    • Venezuela alone has more crude oil reserves than the US and Russia combined.
    • Countering China’s Expansion in Latin America: China, the world’s largest crude oil importer, has emerged as the biggest buyer of Venezuelan oil.
    • Venezuela is a strategic node in China’s energy security and global influence, making it geopolitically sensitive for the U.S.
    • S. Deals: The United States has signed trade deals with partners such as the European Union, Japan, South Korea and the United Kingdom, getting commitments from them to buy U.S. petroleum products and LNG, without having sufficient crude oil or refining capacity.
    • Resurrection of the Monroe Doctrine: The US has described the operation as consistent with the US foreign policy known as the Monroe Doctrine.

    Other Stated and Unstated Motives:

    • Allegations of state-sponsored drug trafficking
    • Containment of socialist political ideology
    • Addressing mass migration flows towards the U.S.

    Venezuela Share in Oil Supply

    • It is a member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), a group of countries that largely dominates the global oil market.
    • Impact on India – India imported $255.3 million worth of oil from Venezuela in the current financial year in 2025, about 0.3% of its total oil import during this period.

    Somnath Swabhiman Parv

    Culture

    Context

    • PM Modi commemorated 1,000 years since the first attack on the Somnath Temple in 1026 AD, describing the iconic shrine as a timeless symbol of India’s civilisational resilience and unbreakable spirit.

    Somnath Temple

    • Somnath is revered as the first of the twelve Jyotirlings of Lord Shiva, as mentioned in the Dwadasha Jyotirling Stotram.
    • The temple is located at Prabhas Patan on the western coast of Gujarat, a region historically associated with maritime trade, cultural exchange, and prosperity.
    • The shrine was first attacked in January 1026 by Mahmud of Ghazni, marking the beginning of a series of invasions aimed at destroying symbols of Indian civilization.
    • Despite repeated devastation, the temple was rebuilt multiple times.

    Restoration of the Temple

    • Ahilyabai Holkar played a crucial role in restoring the temple in the 18th century, demonstrating the role of indigenous rulers in cultural revival.
    • After Independence, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel envisioned the reconstruction of Somnath.
    • The present structure was completed and inaugurated on May 11th 1951, by Dr. Rajendra Prasad, reflecting the constitutional ethos of cultural freedom.
    • M. Munshi was instrumental in the reconstruction of the temple.
    • Swami Vivekananda viewed Somnath as a symbol of India’s national spirit that regenerates despite adversity.

    Human Rabies To Be Declared Notifiable Disease In Delhi

    Health and Society

    Context

    • The Delhi government is set to declare human rabies a notifiable disease in the National Capital Territory of Delhi under the Epidemic Diseases Act.

    Notifiable Disease

    • A notifiable disease is one that must be legally reported to public health authorities upon diagnosis or suspicion.
    • Mandatory reporting enables real-time surveillance, early detection, rapid response, and evidence-based planning.

    Additional Information – Rabies

    • It is a zoonotic viral disease (Disease Transmitted from Animals to Humans).
    • Pathogen – It is caused by the Rabies virus, of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae.
    • It is a Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) virus that is present in the saliva of a rabid animal (dog, cat, monkey, etc).
    • Rabies is 100% fatal but 100% vaccine-preventable.
    • 33% of global rabies deaths are recorded in India.

    Common Vectors/ Reservoirs of Virus

    • Most mammals can carry the virus and hence can cause the disease.
    • In South Asia and Africa, the most common reservoir of the virus is the domestic/street dog.
    • In developed nations like the USA, animals that transmit rabies are bats, foxes, raccoons, and skunks.

    Symptoms

    • Anxiety, Confusion, salivation, seizures, hallucinations and paralysis.

    National Action Plan for dog Mediated Rabies Elimination by 2030 (NAPRE)

    • Under this, the union will encourage all the States and UTs to make Rabies a notifiable Disease.
    • A notifiable disease is any disease that is required by law to be reported to government authorities.
    • “Joint Inter-Ministerial Declaration Support Statement” for Elimination of Dog mediated Rabies from India by 2030 was also launched.

    World Rabies Day

    • Celebrated on 28 September which marks the anniversary of Louis Pasteur’s death.
    • Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist, who developed the first rabies vaccine.
    • He also discovered Pasteurisation, Vaccines for Anthrax and Cholera and Chamberland filters.
  • State seeks allocation of 40 to 45 tmcft of water in river linking projects | Karnataka’s second monkey fever lab

    State seeks allocation of 40 to 45 tmcft of water in river linking projects

    Why in news:

    • Deputy Chief Minister D.K. Shivakumar, representing the Karnataka State Government at the 24th meeting of the National Water Development Authority (NWDA) in New Delhi.

    Key Highlights

    • Purpose: To secure an increased total water allocation of 40 to 45 tmcft for Karnataka within the national river-linking frameworks, specifically to address drinking water and irrigation needs.
    • Key Demands: The State specifically urged the Centre to provide an additional 5 tmcft of water to the Kalyana Karnataka (KK) region via the Godavari-Cauvery link primarily for drinking water purposes.
    • Current Allocation Status: Karnataka has currently been allocated a total of 40 tmcft under two major projects:
      • 90 tmcft from the Godavari-Cauvery link.
      • 50 tmcft from the Varada-Bedti link.
    • Godavari-Cauvery Project Data: In the first phase, a total of 148 tmcft of water is set to be diverted; Karnataka has requested clarification on the usage and distribution of its 15.90 tmcft share.
    • Varada-Bedti Project Details: A Detailed Project Report (DPR) is being prepared for this intra-state link. The estimated cost is ₹10,000 crore, with 90% of the expenditure to be borne by the Centre.
    • Note : The NWDA has been formed under the leadership of the Union Minister of Jal Shakti for river linking, and all States are its members.

    Additional information – Godavari-Cauvery River Linking Project.

    • Route Alignment (3-Stage Link): The project proposes a massive transfer of water through the following path:
      • Godavari (Inchampalli Barrage) –Krishna (Nagarjunasagar Dam)
      • Krishna (Nagarjunasagar) – Pennar (Somasila Dam)
      • Pennar (Somasila) – Cauvery (Grand Anicut)
    • Key Statistics:
      • Total Diversion: Approximately 148 TMC (4,189 MCM) of unutilized water from the Godavari basin.
      • Tamil Nadu Share: 41 TMC earmarked for irrigation and drinking water supply to Chennai.
      • Karnataka’s Stance: The State claims rights to 45 TMC of water before giving approval for the project.
    • Infrastructure & Technology:
      • Starting Point: The Inchampalli Barrage on the Godavari river serves as the primary source.
      • Transport Mechanism: The project incorporates the use of Steel Pipes instead of traditional open canals in specific sections to significantly reduce evaporation losses.
    • Beneficiary Hierarchy:
      • Major Beneficiaries: Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.
      • Minor Beneficiaries:

    Bedti – varada liking project

    • Proposed by: The Karnataka State Government (Water Resources Department).
    • Core Purpose: To divert approximately 22 TMC of “surplus” water from the west-flowing Bedti river to the east-flowing Varada river (a tributary of the Tungabhadra) to mitigate water scarcity in North Karnataka.
    • Route & Mechanism:
      • Source: Bedti River (Western Ghats, flowing to the Arabian Sea).
      • Destination: Varada River (Flows East).
      • Engineering: The project involves two mix-links utilizing 8 km tunnels and lifting (pumping) stations at Pattanahalla and Suremane.
    • Target Objectives:
      • Irrigation: Designed to irrigate approximately 1 Lakh Hectares in the Tungabhadra Left Bank region.
      • Usage: Providing drinking water for arid towns and sustaining rain-fed crops such as Cotton and Jowar.
    • Beneficiaries: The project targets the drought-prone districts of Raichur, Gadag, Haveri, and Koppal.
    • Infrastructure:
      • Dam 1: At Menasagoda (Pattanahalla stream).
      • Dam 2: At Hirevadatti (Gadag district).
    • Financials: The estimated cost ranges between ₹2,000 crore to ₹10,000 crore, subject to final plan modifications.
    • Conflict & Status:
      • Proponents: Farmers in North Karnataka seeking drought relief.
      • Opponents: Environmentalists and locals in Uttara Kannada (Sirsi), citing the potential loss of 2,100+ acres of forest and damage to the ecologically sensitive Myristica Swamps.
      • Status: Highly controversial; while the government has approved the preparation of a Detailed Project Report (DPR), widespread implementation is stalled due to protests.

    Karnataka’s second monkey fever lab

    Why in news :

    • Second KFD testing lab will come up in Sirsi soon

    Key Highlights

    • Launched by : The Health Department is set to establish another Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) testing laboratory at Sirsi of Uttara Kannada district
    • Aim: to strengthen early detection and control of the disease.
    • The first laboratory is currently functioning in Shivamogga.
    • Benefits: new laboratory would benefit residents of Sirsi, Siddapur and surrounding areas by enabling quicker diagnosis, which, in turn, would help reduce mortality to zero

    Additional information  – About Kyasanur Forest Disease

    • Origin : First identified in 1957 in Karnataka’s Kyasanur Forest, it is commonly known as Monkey Fever.
    • Type: It is a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus (family Flaviviridae).
    • Transmission: Spread to humans via tick bites (mainly Haemaphysalis spinigera) or contact with infected animals, particularly sick or dead monkeys.
    • No person-to-person transmission exists.
    • Seasonality: Epidemics usually last from October to June, with a peak period between January and April.
    • Symptoms: Sudden high fever, headache, and vomiting; severe cases may involve bleeding (hemorrhagic) and neurological issues.
    • Mortality: The disease has a fatality rate of approximately 5% to 10%.
    • Treatment: There is no cure; management relies on supportive care (hydration, oxygen, and maintaining blood pressure).
    • Prevention: A vaccine is available and widely recommended in affected regions of India.
  • Alo Prabhat: Dance of the Dawn

    Alo Prabhat: Dance of the Dawn

    Culture

    Context

    • Dong, India’s easternmost village in Anjaw district of Arunachal Pradesh, celebrated India’s first sunrise of 2026 with “Alo Prabhat: Dance of the Dawn”.

    ‘Alo Prabhat: Dance of the Dawn’

    • The sunrise was welcomed with a cultural performance titled “Alo Prabhat: Dance of the Dawn.”
    • Celebrated by – indigenous Meyor and Mishmi communities, with traditional chants, songs and indigenous rhythms using traditional musical instruments.
  • Bengaluru International Film Festival | KPME (Amendment) Bill, 2025

    Bengaluru International Film Festival

    Why in news

    • The Bengaluru International Film Festival is scheduled to begin on January 29.

    Key Highlights

    • Brand Ambassador: Actor Prakash Raj has been named the brand ambassador for the 17th Bengaluru International Film Festival (BIFFes).
    • Dates: The festival will be held from January 29 to February 6.
    • Venue Shift: Cinepolis, Lulu Mall in Rajajinagar (Bengaluru).
    • Oscar Showcase: The 17th edition is set to showcase movies shortlisted for the 98th Oscars.
    • International Acclaim: Films that gained appreciation at reputed global festivals such as Cannes, Rotterdam, Berlin, Busan, and Locarno will be screened at the event.
    • Theme: The central theme for this edition is “Women Empowerment” (‘Woman: As She Is’).

    KPME (Amendment) Bill, 2025

    News

    • Private hospitals flag concerns over KPME (Amendment) Bill, 2025

    Key objections

    • the removal of representation from private medical establishments in the Registration and Grievance Redressal Authority.
    • excluding hospital administrators from the decision-making process
    • replacement of the earlier provision for “deemed approval” with a six-month provisional registration system. Under the original Act,it was three months .

    Karnataka Private Medical Establishments (Amendment) Bill, 2025

    • Mandate – to modernise the regulatory framework for private healthcare.
    • It seeks to replace a previous ordinance and further amends the principal Act of 2007.

    Key Provisions & Changes

    Two-Tier Registration System:

    • Provisional Registration: New hospitals and clinics can obtain a 6-month provisional registration certificate within 10 days of application without prior inspection.
    • Permanent Registration: Establishments with valid accreditations (like NABH, NQAS, or QCI audits) can receive permanent registration within 10 days without further checks.
    • Mental Health Inclusion: The Bill formally brings mental health establishments under the legal purview of the KPME Act.
    • Stricter Penalties: Employing unqualified medical or paramedical staff now carries a penalty of up to 3 years of imprisonment and a fine of up to ₹1 lakh.
    • Structural Changes: The District Registration and Grievance Redressal Authority will be headed by the Deputy Commissioner and must include representatives from the Indian Medical Association (IMA) and AYUSH practitioners.
    • Proximity Rules: No new private clinical laboratory is permitted within 200 metres of a government hospital.
  • Forests can’t be used for non-forestry purposes: SC | “Mission 40+” (Karnataka Education Initiative)

    Forests can’t be used for non-forestry purposes: SC

    Why in news

    • Bench upholds appeal filed by Karnataka government against Gandhi Jeevan Collective Farming Cooperative Society, which wanted extension of lease on 134 acres of forest

    Key Highlights

    • Ruled by: The Supreme Court of India, via a Bench comprising Justices Vikram Nath and Sandeep Mehta.
    • Ruling: The Court firmly established that forest lands cannot be utilized for non-forestry purposes, explicitly stating that agriculture falls under this prohibition as it essentially requires the clearing of forests.
    • Case Background: The judgment upheld an appeal filed by the Karnataka State government against the Gandhi Jeevan Collective Farming Cooperative Society. The society had sought an extension of a lease on 134 acres of forest land, which the Court noted had been “illegally granted” to them for cultivation in the first place.
    • Legal Basis: The decision is grounded in Section 2 of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, which precludes the de-reservation or use of forest land for non-forestry purposes without prior approval from the Central government. The Bench also reiterated a 2000 judgment stating that de-reservation requires Supreme Court permission.
    • Directive: The judgment, authored by Justice Sandeep Mehta, directed the State to reclaim the land and repopulate the forest with indigenous trees.
    • State Position: The Karnataka government confirmed via affidavit that the disputed lands fell under the category of “forest” and were under the ownership and possession of the State Forest Department.

    Mission 40+” (Karnataka Education Initiative)

    Why in news :

    • Remedial teaching to improve SSLC results in districts of Kalyana Karnataka region

    Mission Overview

    • Objective: To improve the SSLC (Class 10) examination results in the seven districts of the Kalyana Karnataka region (e.g., Kalaburagi, Bidar, Raichur)
    • Launched by : remedial teaching programme launched by the Kalyana Karnataka Regional Development Board (KKRDB) and the Department of School Education in Karnataka.
    • Target: The specific goal is to ensure students pass and to achieve an overall 90% pass result in these districts.
    • Special Classes: Conducted from January to March for “slow learners” or students needing extra help.
    • Funding: Teachers conducting these classes receive extra honorariums (₹1,000/month), and schools receive funds (₹6,000) to cover student travel expenses.
    • Monitoring: Includes home visits for students absent for more than seven days to bring them back to class.

    Note

    • The State government has earmarked ₹3.44 crore for the project, to be borne by the Kalyana Karnataka Regional Development Board (KKRDB).
    • In 2024-25, Kalaburagi district ranked last in the results with 41.35% results. Other districts also had poor results- Ballari (50.91%), Bidar (52.3%), Koppal (56.57%), Raichur (50.76%), Vijayapura (66.78%), and Yadgir (59.6%).
  • Ganges Treaty Nears Expiry | Sangita Kalanidhi Award

    Ganges Treaty Nears Expiry

    International Relations

    Context

    • India and Bangladesh have initiated a joint water measurement initiative on the Ganga and Padma rivers as the Ganges Water Sharing Treaty enters its final year before expiry in December 2026.

    Ganges Water Sharing Treaty, 1996

    • It was signed on 12 December 1996 between India and Bangladesh.
    • It governs the sharing of Ganges waters at the Farakka Barrage, located in West Bengal, about 18 km upstream of the Bangladesh border.

    Origins of the Ganges Water Dispute

    • Construction of Farakka Barrage (1975): India completed the Farakka Barrage in 1975 to divert water into the Hooghly River.
    • Purpose was to flush out silt & improve navigability of the Kolkata Port.

    Bangladesh’s Concerns- As a lower riparian state, Bangladesh argued that reduced downstream flows:

    • Harmed agriculture and fisheries
    • Disrupted river navigation
    • Increased salinity intrusion in coastal areas
    • Threatened the Sundarbans ecosystem
    • This disagreement became one of South Asia’s most persistent transboundary water disputes.

    Steps Taken

    • Five-year Ganges Agreement (Interim), 1977
    • Memoranda of Understanding on Flow Sharing in 1982 & 1985
    • Teesta Water Sharing Agreement: 2011; Proposed but unsigned.

    Additional Information – Ganga River

    • Origin: Gangotri Glacier in Uttarakhand
    • Length: Approximately 2,525 km.
    • Basin Area: Covers about 8,61,452 sq. km in India, nearly 27% of India’s landmass over 11 Indian states.
    • Significance – It supports over 45% of India’s population.
    • States Covered: Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and parts of several others.

    Major Tributaries of the Ganga River,

    • Left Bank Tributaries: Ramganga, Gomti, Ghaghara, Gandak, Burhi Gandak, Koshi, Mahananda.
    • Right Bank Tributaries: Yamuna, Tons, Karamnasa, Sone, Punpun, Falgu, Kiul, Chandan, Ajoy, Damodar, Rupnarayan.
    • The Ganga enters as the Padma River into Bangladesh below the Farakka Barrage, eventually merging with the Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers before emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
    • Delta: Forms the world’s largest delta, the Sundarbans, shared by India and Bangladesh.

    Sangita Kalanidhi Award

    Culture

    Context

    • Sangita Kalanidhi award was conferred on violinist R.K. Shriramkumar.

    Sangita Kalanidhi award

    • It was instituted in 1942 by the Madras Music Academy.
    • The award is considered the highest recognition for excellence in Carnatic music and is often regarded as the “Nobel Prize” of Carnatic music.
    • The award comprises a gold medal and a birudu patra (citation).
    • Since 2005, the Sangita Kalanidhi awardees have also received the MS Subbulakshmi Award instituted by The Hindu.

    Additional Information – M.S. Subbulakshmi’s Legacy

    • S. Subbulakshmi was an iconic Carnatic singer, She was the
    1. first Indian musician to receive the Ramon Magsaysay award in 1974
    2. first Indian to perform at the United Nations General Assembly in 1966.
    3. first musician to be awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, in 1998.
  • Karnataka Darshana MCQ’s

    Current Affairs Based Practice Questions

       1). With reference to the Abhay Manohar Sapre Committee on road safety, consider the following statements:

    1. The committee attributed the decline in road accidents in 2025 mainly to AI-enabled surveillance systems.
    2. The committee recommended replacing conventional speed breakers with digital speed control systems.
    3. The committee functions under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 1 only
    2. 1 and 3 only
    3. 2 and 3 only
    4. 1, 2 and 3

    Answer: B

     

    2). SYLLA SYL-X1, recently in news, is related to:

    1. A reusable space launch vehicle developed by ISRO.
    2. An electric flying taxi (eVTOL) developed by Sarla Aviation.
    3. A hypersonic missile system developed by DRDO.
    4. A naval surveillance drone developed by HAL.

    Answer: B

     

    3). With reference to the recent Supreme Court ruling on the use of forest land, consider the following statements:

    1. The Court held that agriculture constitutes a non-forestry activity under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.
    2. The judgment allows State governments to permit agricultural use of forest land without Central approval.
    3. The Court reiterated that de-reservation of forest land requires Supreme Court permission.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 1 and 3 only
    2. 1 only
    3. 2 and 3 only
    4. 1, 2 and 3

    Answer: A

     

    4). With reference to Mission 40+, consider the following statements:

    1. It is a targeted remedial education programme for SSLC students in the Kalyana Karnataka region.
    2. It is jointly implemented by the Kalyana 3. Karnataka Regional Development Board and the Department of School Education.
    3. It aims to achieve a universal (100%) pass percentage in all the beneficiary districts.
    4. It includes both academic intervention and financial support mechanisms.

    How many of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. Only one
    2. Only Two
    3. Only Three
    4. All Four

    Answer: C

     

    5). With reference to the 17th Bengaluru International Film Festival (BIFFes), consider the following statements:

    1. Actor Prakash Raj has been named as the brand ambassador of the festival.
    2. The theme of the festival is “Women Empowerment.”
    3. BIFFes is organized annually by the Karnataka Film Chamber of Commerce.
    4. The festival exclusively screens Kannada films from India.

    Which of the statements given above is/are wrong?

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 1, 2 and 3 only
    3. 3 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: C

     

    6). With reference to the Karnataka Private Medical Establishments (KPME) Amendment Bill, 2025, consider the following statements:

    1. The Bill removes representation of private medical establishments from the Registration and Grievance Redressal Authority.
    2. Hospital administrators are excluded from the decision-making process under the amended provisions.
    3. The amendment reduces the “deemed approval” period for registration from three months to one month.
    4. The amendment replaces the previous provision with a six-month provisional registration system.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 1, 2 and 4 only
    2. 1 and 3 only
    3. 2, 3 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: A

     

    7). With reference to the 24th National Water Development Authority (NWDA) meeting, consider the following statements:

    1. Karnataka requested an increase in total water allocation from 34.40 tmcft to 40–45 tmcft under national river-linking projects.
    2. The State specifically requested an additional 5 tmcft for the Kalyana Karnataka region via the Godavari-Cauvery link, primarily for drinking water.
    3. Karnataka’s current allocation includes 15.90 tmcft from the Varada-Bedti link and 18.50 tmcft from the Godavari-Cauvery link.
    4. The NWDA functions under the Union Ministry of Jal Shakti, with all States as members.

    How many of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. Only Two
    2. Only Three
    3. All Four
    4. Only One

    Answer: B

     

    8). With reference to the Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), consider the following statements:

    1. KFD is caused by a virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae.
    2. Transmission to humans occurs mainly through mosquito bites.
    3. First identified in 1957 in Karnataka’s Kyasanur Forest, it is also called Monkey Fever.
    4. Person-to-person transmission of KFD has been reported in rare cases.
    5. The Health Department of Karnataka is set to establish another KFD testing lab at Sirsi.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 1, 3 and 5 only
    2. 1, 2 and 3 only
    3. 1, 3 and 4 only
    4. 2, 3 and 4 only

    Answer: A

     

    9). With reference to the insurance coverage for Karnataka Forest Department personnel, consider the following statements:

    1. All permanent officers and staff are provided ₹1 crore accidental death insurance, irrespective of cadre or salary.
    2. In case of accidental death while on duty, an additional ₹25 lakh is provided.
    3. Outsourced personnel are not covered under this insurance scheme.
    4. Permanent employees are eligible for ₹10 lakh in life insurance coverage.
    5. A MoU was signed between the Karnataka Forest Department and Canara Bank.

    How many of the statements given above is/are wrong?

    1. Only Three Statements
    2. Only Two Statements
    3. Only Four Statements
    4. All are Correct

    Answer: B

     

    10). With reference to the State Education Policy (SEP) 2025 of Karnataka, consider the following statements:

    1. The SEP recommends replacing the three-language formula with a two-language formula.
    2. Kannada or the mother tongue is proposed as the medium of instruction for primary education.
    3. The policy allows for the extension of RTE benefits only to government schools up to 18 years of age.
    4. It recommends implementing a reservation matrix even within private educational institutions.
    5. The government plans to develop 900 Karnataka Public Schools as magnet schools from Pre-primary to II PUC, with the support of a World Bank loan.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 1, 2 and 4 only
    2. 1 and 2 only
    3. 2, 3 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 5

    Answer: B

     

    11). Which two districts follow Bengaluru city in the number of reported kidnapping cases?

    1. Mysuru and Mandya
    2. Kalaburagi and Ballari
    3. Bengaluru Rural and Tumakuru
    4. Shivamogga and Hassan

    Answer: C

     

    12). With reference to the Sanchara Yukta Project, consider the following statements:

    1. It envisages a 228-km road network within the Greater Bengaluru Authority (GBA) limits.
    2. The project is part of an urban mobility strategy aimed at decongesting city traffic.
    3. The project excludes road development along storm-water drains due to environmental concerns.
    4. The project is implemented exclusively by the Bangalore Development Authority.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 1, 2 and 4 only
    3. 2 and 3 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: A

     

    13). With reference to the SVALSA (Slope Vulnerability and LandSlide Assessment) framework, consider the following statements:

    1. It is an integrated early warning system developed by NITK Surathkal.
    2. It aims to provide reliable landslide warnings while reducing false alarms.
    3. It is designed primarily to predict earthquake-induced landslides.
    4. It specifically targets the Western Ghats region.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 1, 2, and 4 only
    2. 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
    3. 2 and 3 only
    4. 1, 2, and 4

    Answer: D

     

    14). With reference to the Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary, consider the following statements:

    1. It is spread across the districts of Chamarajanagar, Mandya, and Ramanagara.
    2. It serves as a crucial wildlife corridor between Bannerghatta National Park and BRT Tiger Reserve.
    3. It is drained exclusively by the Cauvery River.
    4. Dry deciduous and scrub forests form the dominant vegetation.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 1, 2 and 4 only
    2. 1 and 3 only
    3. 2, 3 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: A

     

    15). With reference to the Viksit Bharat–Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) (VB-G RAM G), consider the following statements:

    1. It replaces the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana -National Rural Livelihood Mission (DAY- NRLM).
    2. Under the new framework, the Centre continues to bear the entire financial responsibility.
    3. The State governments are mandated to fund a portion of the project costs.
    4. Karnataka estimates a cumulative financial burden of around ₹20,000 crore over five years due to this change.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 3 and 4 only
    2. 1 and 2 only
    3. 2, 3 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: A

     

    16). Which of the following districts are included in the proposed Kittur Karnataka Development Board region?

    1. Dharwad
    2. Belagavi
    3. Bagalkot
    4. Ballari
    5. Uttara Kannada

    Select the correct answer using the code below:

    1. 1, 3, 4 and 5 only
    2. 1, 2, 4 and 5 only
    3. 2, 3 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 5 only

    Answer: D

     

    17). With reference to the Second Karnataka Administrative Reforms Commission consider the following statements:

    1. It is headed by T.M. Vijay Bhaskar.
    2. It primarily focuses on restructuring revenue expenditure rather than capital expenditure.
    3. Its recommendations are legally binding on the State government.
    4. It aims at containing the revenue deficit which has widened in recent financial years.

    Which of the statements given above is/are NOT correct?

    1. 1 and 3 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1 only
    4. 1, 2 and 3

    Answer: A

     

    18). With reference to the Distribution Transformer Life Cycle Management System (DTLMS) developed by BESCOM, consider the following statements:

    1. It is a mobile-based application for monitoring the operational health of distribution transformers.
    2. It enables a shift from breakdown maintenance to preventive maintenance.
    3. It covers all power utilities across Karnataka.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 1, 2 and 3
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1 only
    4. 1 and 2 only

    Answer: D

     

    19). Consider the following statements about KSRTC’s “Sarige Mitra” HRMS (Version 2.0):

    1. It provides real-time human resource services through smartphones.
    2. It incorporates a geo-fencing-based attendance system.
    3. It has been implemented across all State Transport Corporations in India.
    4. It allows one-click download of monthly payslips.

    Which of the statements given above is/are True?

    1. 1, 2 and 4 only
    2. 2 and 3 only
    3. 1, 3 and 4 only
    4. All are true

    Answer: A

     

    20). Consider the following statements about the Karnataka government’s 1,000-bed multi-speciality organ transplant hospital in Bengaluru:

    1. The hospital is being set up in collaboration with the Azim Premji Foundation.
    2. Its primary objective is to provide free organ transplants to the poor.
    3. All beds in the hospital will be available free of cost under the Ayushman Bharat – Arogya Karnataka scheme.
    4. Its location near NIMHANS facilitates smooth organ harvesting and transport.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 1, 2 and 3 only
    2. 1, 2 and 4 only
    3. 2 and 4 only
    4. All of the above

    Answer: B

     

    21). Which of the following combinations correctly matches the award type with its recipients as per the recent announcement by Kuvempu Bhasha Bharathi Pradhikara?

    1. Honorary Awards – Dr. Nataraj Honnavalli, Dr. Sadanand R, Karthik R
    2. Book Awards – J.V. Karlo, Prof. Vanamala Viswanatha, Dr. J.P. Doddamani
    3. Honorary Awards – J.V. Karlo, Prof. Vanamala Viswanatha, Dr. Vittalarao T. Gaikwad
    4. Book Awards – Dr. K.R. Sandhya Reddy, Dr. Vittalarao T. Gaikwad

    Answer: C

     

    22). Consider the following statements about organ donation achievements in India in 2025:

    1. Karnataka recorded its highest-ever organ donations with 198 cases.
    2. Tamil Nadu recorded the highest number of organ donations in the country.
    3. Telangana recorded fewer donations than Karnataka.

    Which of the statements is/are correct?

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 1 and 3 only
    3. 2 and 3 only
    4. 1, 2, and 3

    Answer: A

     

    23). The Bhu Suraksha Project, recently launched in Karnataka, primarily aims to:

    1. Provide free land titles to farmers.
    2. Expand the digitisation of land records to higher administrative offices and curb malpractice.
    3. Introduce GIS mapping for urban planning only.
    4. Replace traditional land records with blockchain-based land registries.

    Answer: B

     

    24). Match the 2020 recipients of Karnataka State Film Awards with their respective categories:

    Award

    Recipient

    1. Dr. Rajkumar Award

    a. M.S. Sathyu

    2. Puttanna Kanagal Award

    b. Jaimala

    3. Dr. Vishnuvardhan Award

    c. Pragathi Ashwath Narayana

     Select the correct matching:

    1. 1–b, 2–a, 3–c
    2. 1–c, 2–b, 3–a
    3. 1–a, 2–b, 3–c
    4. 1–b, 2–c, 3–a

    Answer: A

     

    25). Assertion (A): The Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP) recommended declaring the entire Western Ghats as an Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA).

    Reason (R): Because the Panel aimed to restrict only mining activities while permitting all other forms of development in the region.

    Choose the correct answer:

    1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
    2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
    3. A is true but R is false
    4. A is false but R is true

    Answer: C

     

    26). India’s first commercial quantum computer is to be deployed at:

    1. IISc Bengaluru
    2. IIT Bombay
    3. IIIT Dharwad
    4. IIT Madras

    Answer: C

     

    27). Consider the following statements regarding the jute geocell technology developed by NITK Surathkal:

    1. It aims to replace conventional petroleum-based plastic geocells used in road construction and slope stabilization.
    2. It is developed exclusively for urban infrastructure projects.
    3. It promotes the use of biodegradable and renewable materials in civil engineering.
    4. It contributes to reducing microplastic pollution in sensitive ecosystems.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 1, 3 and 4 only
    2. 1 and 2 only
    3. 2 and 3 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: A

     

    28). With reference to the Blue Flag certification and Karnataka’s beaches, consider the following statements:

    1. At present Karnataka has exactly two beaches awarded the Blue Flag certification.
    2. Padubidri Beach is located in Udupi district.
    3. Kasarkod Beach is located in Dakshina Kannada district.
    4. Blue Flag certification is awarded based on criteria including environmental management, safety, and water quality.

    How many of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. Only Two
    2. Only Three
    3. All Four
    4. None

    Answer: B

     

    29). Who won the UN Secretary-General’s Award 2025 for the project “Equal Partners, Lasting Peace”?

    1. Major Swathi Shantha Kumar
    2. Colonel Ritu Karidhal
    3. Major Leena Nair
    4. Wing Commander Abhilasha Barak

    Answer: A

     

    30). Consider the following statements regarding the Activity Point Tracking System (APTS) mobile app:

    1. It has been developed by Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU).
    2. It seeks to curb the unethical practice of submitting fake documents to claim activity points.
    3. It replaces the academic credit system prescribed by AICTE.
    4. It is mandatory for all engineering students under VTU.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 1, 2 and 4 only
    2. 1 and 3 only
    3. 2 and 3 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: A

     

    31). Consider the following statements regarding the KSTA Lifetime Achievement Award:

    1. It is instituted by the Karnataka Science and Technology Academy and Ramakrishna was the recipient of the award.
    2. It is awarded to distinguished senior scientists for their lifetime contribution to Science and Technology.
    3. It carries a gold medal worth ₹2 lakh and a cash prize of ₹1 lakh.
    4. It is awarded annually only to scientists working in Karnataka-based institutions.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 2 and 3 only
    2. 1 and 4 only
    3. 1, 2 and 3 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: C

     

    32). Consider the following statements regarding the financial protection for Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) patients in Karnataka:

    1. The initiative was announced by the Karnataka Health Minister and implemented through Suvarna Arogya Suraksha Trust (SAST).
    2. It provides financial protection specifically for Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy.
    3. The coverage is extended under the Ayushman Bharat–Arogya Karnataka scheme.
    4. It covers all neurological disorders requiring immunotherapy.

    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. 1 and 4 only
    2. 1, 2 and 3 only
    3. 2 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: B

  • Bulgaria switch to euro currency | National Sports Governance Act Comes Into Effect Partially

    Bulgaria switch to euro currency

    International

    In News

    • Recently, Bulgaria became the 21st country to switch to the euro, nearly 20 years after the Balkan nation joined the European Union (EU).

    European Union

    • The Maastricht Treaty of 1992 established the European Union.
    • It paved the way for the formation of a common economic and monetary union, which is the European Economic and Monetary Union.
    • Now, 27 member states:- The last country to join the European Union was Croatia, which became the 28th member on July 1, 2013, though the EU currently has 27 members after the UK left in 2020.
    • It allowed the adoption of a common currency, which would be accepted as the sole legal tender, the euro.
    • The euro was first rolled out in 12 countries on January 1, 2002.
    • It also has a unified central banking system, which established the European Central Bank (ECB).
    • And a common economic region.

    Eurozone

    • The eurozone, or officially the euro area, refers to the geographic and economic region comprising those members of the EU that have fully adopted the euro as their official currency.
    • Composition : Bulgaria’s admission to the eurozone makes it the 21st nation out of 27 EU members to do so.

    The remaining six use their own currencies instead.

    • Four microstates, Andorra, Monaco, the Vatican City and San Marino, also use the euro through agreements with the EU, while Kosovo and Montenegro use the euro as their sole currency without an agreement. However, none of these countries are not regarded as members of the eurozone.
    • Croatia was the 20th and last country to join the eurozone in 2023.

    Additional Information – Bulgaria

    • Location – It is a country occupying the eastern portion of the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe.
    • Neighbourhood– It is bounded by Romania to the north, with most of the border marked by the lower Danube River.
    • The Black Sea lies to the east, Turkey and Greece to the south, North Macedonia to the southwest, and Serbia to the west.
    • Capital city- Sofia.

    National Sports Governance Act Comes Into Effect Partially

    Polity and Governance

    In News

    • The Central Government has notified that select provisions of the National Sports Governance Act, 2025..

    National Sports Governance Act, 2025:

    • It was originally notified in August 2025, allowing different provisions to be implemented on different dates.
    • It is a landmark legislation aimed at restructuring the governance of sports bodies in India.
    • It seeks to align Indian sports administration with global standards while prioritizing athlete welfare and transparency.

    Features

    • National Sports Governing Bodies: The Act provides for establishing: National Olympic Committee, National Paralympic Committee.
    • The national bodies will have affiliation with respective international bodies.
    • National Sports Board: The Act empowers the central government to establish a National Sports Board (NSB). It will grant recognition to the national sports bodies.
    • National Sports Tribunal: The Act provides for constituting a National Sports Tribunal to adjudicate sports related disputes.

    Objectives

    • It aims to promote transparency, accountability, ethical practices and good governance in sports administration.
    • It will also ensure welfare of sportspersons, and provide effective and timely resolution of sports-related disputes, in consonance with the Olympic Charter, the Paralympic Charter and international best practices.
    • It will ensure representation of sportspersons in decision-making.