‘PRAHAAR’, India’s First National Counter-terror Policy
Governance
Context
- The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) unveiled India’s inaugural National Counter-Terrorism Policy and Strategy, titled ‘PRAHAAR’.
‘PRAHAAR’, India’s First National Counter-terror Policy
- It is this principled approach which informs the Indian policy of ‘zero tolerance’ against terrorism.
The counter-terrorism strategy of India, ‘PRAHAAR’, flows from these ideals:
- Prevention of terror attacks to protect Indian citizens and interests;
- Responses, which are swift and proportionate to the threat posed;
- Aggregating internal capacities for achieving synergy in a whole-of-government approach;
- Human rights and ‘Rule of Law’ based processes for mitigation of threats;
- Attenuating the conditions enabling terrorism, including radicalization;
- Aligning and shaping the international efforts to counter terrorism;
- Recovery and resilience through a whole-of-society approach.
National Monetisation Pipeline 2.0 (NMP 2.0)
Economy
Context
- Recently, the Union Finance Minister has launched the National Monetisation Pipeline 2.0 (NMP 2.0).
National Monetisation Pipeline 2.0 (NMP 2.0)
- It is the second phase of India’s asset monetisation programme, covering the five-year period from FY 2025–26 to FY 2029–30.
- Objective – it aims to unlock value from existing (brownfield) public infrastructure by leasing it to private players for a fixed period while the government retains ownership
National Monetisation Pipeline (NMP)
- It is the Indian government’s plan to lease out existing public infrastructure—like highways, railways, and power lines—to private companies for a specific period.
- The government retains ownership, while private firms operate the assets and pay the government for the right to earn revenue from them.
Key Aspects of NMP:
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- Goal: To unlock funds from underutilized, built assets (“brownfield” projects) to invest in new infrastructure development.
- Mechanism: Rather than selling, the government uses public-private partnerships (PPPs) to transfer operating and maintenance rights.
- Sectors: Major sectors included are roads, railways, power pipelines, telecom, and airports
Green Ammonia
Environment
In News
- India’s energy transition is increasingly focusing on green hydrogen and its derivatives, with green ammonia emerging as a crucial pathway.
Green ammonia
- It is produced using green hydrogen, and is emerging as a leading clean fuel for fertilizers, energy, and marine applications.
Benefits of Green Ammonia
- Decarbonization of Fertilizers: India’s fertilizer sector, heavily dependent on imported ammonia, can significantly cut emissions by adopting green ammonia.
Additional Information – Green Hydrogen
- Green Hydrogen: It is produced using electrolysis of water with electricity generated by renewable energy.
- Benefit: It is a clean burning element that can decarbonise a range of sectors including iron and steel, chemicals, and transportation.
- Hydrogen can be stored for long periods of time which can be used to produce electricity using fuel cells.
National Green Hydrogen Mission
- Aim: To make India a global hub for the production of green hydrogen.
- Implementing Ministry: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy(MNRE)
Hydrogen
- Symbol and Atomic number – Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1.
- Hydrogen is the lightest element and the most abundant chemical substance in the universe, constituting roughly 75% of all normal matter.
- It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and highly combustible gas.
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
History
Context
- The President of India, unveiled a bust of Shri Chakravarti Rajagopalachari, the first and only Indian Governor General of independent India at Rashtrapati Bhavan.
- Rajagopalachari
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- Early Life: Chakravarti Rajagopalachari, popularly referred to as Rajaji, was born in 1878 in Thorapalli, Tamil Nadu.
- He participated in agitations against the Rowlatt Act, the Non-Cooperation movement, the Vaikom Satyagraha, and the Civil Disobedience Movement and was jailed five times between 1912 and 1941.
- Post-independence, Rajaji served as the last Governor-General of India till 1950.
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- He briefly served as Tamil Nadu’s Chief Minister between 1952 and 1954.
- He founded the Swatantra Party in 1959, representing classical liberal economic ideas.
- Literary Contribution: His most popular works include a retelling of the Mahabharata and Ramayana in English, and Ramayana – Chakravarti Thirumagan in Tamil.
- In 1954 he was conferred with the Bharat Ratna for his contribution to Indian politics and literature.
‘Rah-Veer’ scheme
Governance
In News
- The Delhi government is going to implement the Centre’s ‘Rah-Veer’ scheme to motivate citizens to assist seriously injured road accidents.
‘Rah-Veer’ scheme
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- The scheme, aligned with the Good Samaritan Rules under the Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2019.
- It provides legal protection and financial incentives to encourage prompt humanitarian action.
- Features: citizens who help seriously injured road accident victims within the “golden hour” will receive a ₹25,000 cash reward.
- A district-level committee will evaluate cases, and the reward will be directly transferred to beneficiaries’ bank accounts.
- Additionally, 10 outstanding Rah-Veers annually will receive ₹1 lakh and a certificate.
- Significance – It aims to overcome citizens’ hesitation to assist accident victims due to legal or procedural fears.
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