e-Pratyaropan Portal

Polity

Context

The National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation (NOTTO) has launched the e-Pratyaropan Portal along with the NOTTO mobile application to create a unified digital ecosystem for organ donation and transplantation in India.

e-Pratyaropan Portal

It is a centralized digital platform launched by NOTTO under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Objective – to digitize India’s organ donation and transplantation ecosystem.

Features

Automated Allocation: Uses algorithms to distribute organs transparently, eliminating manual or discretionary bias.
Unified Registry: Syncs real-time waiting lists across hospital, state, regional, and national levels.
Live Tracking: Integrates with the NOTTO app to monitor the transit of organs through green corridors.
Emergency Prioritization: Allows hospitals to flag “super urgent” cases for immediate, lifesaving matching.

Delhi Lakshmi Yojana

Government Schemes

Context

The online registration portal for the Delhi Lakshmi Yojana has opened for registration.

About

Launched in July 2026

Objective – to provide ₹2,500 monthly to women from economically weaker sections. It targets over 17 lakh beneficiaries with a ₹5,110 crore budget.

Key Points

Eligibility: Delhi residents for 10+ years, aged 21–60, with annual family income under ₹2.5 lakh. Only the eldest eligible woman per household qualifies.
Exclusions: Excludes taxpayers, government employees, pension recipients, and families with over three children.
Administration: Requires a mandatory recommendation letter from a local MLA/MP and uses 4-layer digital verification.
Significance: Promotes financial inclusion and women’s autonomy, but faces criticism over political gatekeeping (MLA/MP letters) and strict exclusion criteria.

Glaw Lake Becomes India’s 101st Ramsar Site

Environment

Context

India’s one more wetland, Glaw Lake of Arunachal Pradesh, has entered the global list of protected wetlands as a Ramsar site.

Glaw Lake

Location – Arunachal Pradesh’s Lohit district

It has been officially designated as India’s 101st Ramsar Site, making it the first-ever wetland from the state to achieve this international recognition.

Ecological & Cultural Significance

High-altitude freshwater lake nestled deep inside the Kamlang Tiger Reserve and Wildlife Sanctuary in the Eastern Himalayas.
Biodiversity Hotspot: The wetland and its catchment area support an incredibly rich ecosystem, housing over 150 tree species and 49 orchid species.
Wildlife Sanctuary: It serves as an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA).
It acts as a crucial wintering ground for the critically endangered white-bellied heron and supports all four big cat species: tigers, leopards, clouded leopards, and snow leopards.
Cultural Roots: The lake holds sacred value for the local Mishmi community, who hold a cultural belief that guardian deities protect its pristine waters.

Connect with the basics – Ramsar Convention

- A Ramsar site is a wetland designated as one of international importance under the Ramsar Convention.
- Ramsar Convention – It is one of the inter-governmental accords to preserve the wetlands of international importance.

It was signed on February 2, 1971 in Ramsar, Iran and came into force in 1975.

India became a signatory to the Ramsar Convention in 1982.

Ramsar Facts

- Total: 101 sites (As of June 2026).

India has the most sites in Asia.

- 100th Site: Jai Prakash Narayan Bird Sanctuary (Surha Tal) in Uttar Pradesh (Added June 2026).
- Top State: Tamil Nadu (20 sites), followed by Uttar Pradesh (13 sites).

First Sites: Chilika Lake (Odisha) and Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan) in 1981.

Sizes: Sundarban (West Bengal) is the largest. Renuka (Himachal Pradesh) is the smallest.

Montreux Record (Threatened Sites)

What it is: A register of Ramsar sites facing ecological danger from pollution or human interference.Active Indian Sites:
Only two sites—Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan) and Loktak Lake (Manipur).
Removed- Chilika Lake was removed after successful recovery.

Utkalmani Pandit Gopabandhu Das

History

Context

President Droupadi Murmu unveiled the statue of Utkalmani Pandit Gopabandhu Das in New Delhi.

About

He is popularly known as Utkalmani (Gem of Odisha).
He was a prominent freedom fighter, social reformer, educationist, poet, and journalist from Odisha.
Devoted to the service of the poor and social upliftment.
He founded the Satyabadi Bana Vidyalaya at Sakhigopal to promote nationalist ideals through education.
He was elected to the Legislative Council in 1917 and actively participated in India’s freedom movement as a member of the Indian National Congress.
He founded the Odia newspaper The Samaja in 1919, which became an important platform for promoting nationalism and public awareness.
He also made significant contributions to Odia literature.
His notable works include Abakasha Chinta, Go-Mahatmya, Nachiketa Upakhyana, Karakabita, Dharmapada, and Bandira Atmakatha, many of which were written during his time at Ravenshaw College.

Universal Immunisation Programme

GS2/Health

Context

According to a study by the Union Health Ministry, introducing the hexavalent (six-in-one) vaccine into India’s Universal Immunisation Programme could improve the efficiency of childhood immunisation programmes.

About

A hexavalent vaccine is a combination that protects infants against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), Hepatitis B, polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in a single injection.
It eases the workload of frontline health workers, lowers cold-chain requirements, and saves caregivers’ time.

Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) of India

Launched in – India launched the EPI in 1978, which was later renamed as the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in 1985.

Additional Information – Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI 5.0)

Implementation – It is the flagship routine immunization campaign of the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
Objective – It ensures that routine immunization services reach the missed-out and dropped out children and pregnant women across the country.
Uniqueness – This year, for the first time the campaign is being conducted across all the districts in the country. It includes children up to 5 years of age (Previous campaigns included children up to 2 years of age).
Special focus is on improvement of Measles and Rubella vaccination coverage with the aim of Measles & Rubella elimination by 2023.

Additional Information – Mission Indradhanush

Launched in – 2014
Aim – To ensure full immunization with all available vaccines for children up to two years of age and pregnant women.

12 Diseases covered under Mission Indradhanush

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).
Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus (DPT).
Tetanus and adult Diphtheria (Td).
Bi valent oral polio vaccine (bOPV).
Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccine.
Hepatitis B (Hep B).
Pentavalent — DPT + Hepatitis B + Haemophilus Influenzae type b (DPT + Hep B + Hib).
Rotavirus Vaccine (RVV).
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV).
Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Vaccine.