Blog

  • Pneumonia

    Pneumonia

    News –

    • Pneumonia remains the single largest identified cause of infant mortality in Karnataka

    Pneumonia

    • It is an acute respiratory infection causing inflammation in lung air sacs (alveoli).
    • Mechanism: Alveoli fill with fluid/pus, restricting oxygen intake.
    • Transmission: Airborne droplets, surface contact, or blood during childbirth.
    • Vulnerable groups: Children under 5 and adults over 65.

    Causative Agents

    1. Bacteria: Streptococcus pneumoniae (most common), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib).
    2. Viruses: RSV, Influenza, Coronaviruses.
    3. Fungi: Pneumocystis jirovecii (targets HIV/immunocompromised patients).
    4. Atypical: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (causes mild “walking pneumonia”).

    India’s Schemes & Initiatives

    • PCV Vaccine: Rolled out under the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP). Protects against pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.
    • SAANS Campaign: Social Awareness and Action to Neutralise Pneumonia Successfully. Drives early identification in under-5 children.
    • Integrated Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhea –  Integrated strategy targeting India’s two highest under-5 child killers: pneumonia and diarrhea.

    Global Frameworks

    • Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea (GAPPD) : WHO/UNICEF plan aiming for fewer than 3 child pneumonia deaths per 1,000 live births.
    • World Pneumonia Day: Observed every year on November 12.

    Related Articles

  • Mission for Cotton Productivity (2026–31) | India’s e-waste Management | Teesta River

    Mission for Cotton Productivity (2026–31)

    Syllabus: GS3/Economy

    In News

    • The Union Cabinet has approved Rs.5659.22 crore for the Mission for Cotton Productivity (2026–27 to 2030–31)

    Mission for Cotton Productivity

    • It is also referred as Kapas Kranti
    • Objective – it aims to address stagnant yields and improve fibre quality to make India a self-reliant and globally competitive textile hub.
    • Focuses on high-density planting (HDPS), developing 24 climate-resilient varieties, promoting Extra Long Staple (ELS) cotton, and branding (“Kasturi Cotton Bharat”).
    • Modernization: Includes upgrading 2,000 ginning units and integrating digital tools for better market access

    Connect with the basics – Cotton Cultivation in India

    • It is often referred to as “White Gold,”
    • It is a vital commercial crop that serves as the backbone of India’s textile industry and sustains millions of livelihoods.

    Geographic & Climatic Requirements-

    • It is a subtropical Kharif crop requiring 6–8 months to mature, cotton needs a warm, sunny climate (21°C–30°C) with at least 210 frost-free days.
    • Rainfall/Soil: Requires 50–100 cm of water; best grown on moisture-retaining Black Cotton Soil (Regur), though it thrives in alluvial/red soils with proper drainage to avoid waterlogging.
    • Production: India is the world’s top producer and holds the largest acreage.
    • Major producing states – Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh
    • Key Challenges: Pink Bollworm (PBW) resistance

    India’s e-waste Management

    Syllabus: GS3/Environment/Waste Management

    Context

    • India generated 6.2 million tonnes of e-waste in FY24, projected to more than double to 14 million tonnes by 2030.

    Connect with the basics- E-Waste

    • E-waste refers to discarded electrical and electronic devices such as computers, circuit boards, mobile phones, and appliances.
    • It contains hazardous materials like lead, mercury, cadmium, and brominated flame retardants.
    • Improper disposal leads to soil contamination, water pollution, and health hazards.

    Impact of Improper E-Waste Management

    • Water Pollution: Toxic discharge from cyanide and sulphuric acid affects water bodies.
    • Air Pollution: Emissions from lead fumes and plastic burning are severe.
    • Soil Contamination: Hazardous substances leach into the soil, damaging agriculture and biodiversity.
    • Economic Loss: India is estimated to forfeit over ₹80,000 crore worth of critical metals each year, which could have been recovered and re-used in manufacturing.

    Initiatives for E-Waste Management in India

    • Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR): Producers, importers, and brand owners are made responsible for managing their product’s end-of-life waste.
    • An online EPR E-Waste portal has been developed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) where entities such as producers, manufacturers, recyclers, and refurbishers of the e-waste are required to be registered.
    • The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has comprehensively revised the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016 and notified the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022.
    • India’s first e-waste clinic was inaugurated in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.
    • It’s a facility for segregating, processing, and disposing of e-waste from both households and commercial units.
    • The Ministry of Mines launched a Pan-India E-Waste Recycling Drive as part of Special Campaign 5.0 (in 2025), aimed at promoting Swachhata in government offices and ensuring scientific disposal and resource recovery from electronic waste.

    Basel Convention

    • The Basel Convention is a global treaty aimed at controlling the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and their disposal, ensuring that such wastes are managed in an environmentally sound manner.
    • It was adopted in 1989 and entered into force in 1992.
    • India is a party to the Basel Convention.

    Teesta River

    Syllabus: GS1/Geography

    In News

    • Bangladesh has renewed its request to move forward on the long-pending Teesta water-sharing agreement.

    Teesta River

    • It is a tributary of the Brahmaputra
    • It originates from the Tso Lhamo Lake in north Sikkim.
    • It travels for about 150 km in Sikkim and 123 km in West Bengal, before entering Bangladesh.
    • It flows another 140 km in Bangladesh and joins the Bay of Bengal.

    Agreement

    • India and Bangladesh had reached an in-principle agreement in 2011 to share the Teesta river waters, but it was never finalized due to coordination issues between the Centre and the West Bengal government .
    • Bangladesh has now expressed hope that the 2011 agreement can be reconsidered in the present political context.

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  • ‘Aditya’ High-Speed Rail Complex

    ‘Aditya’ High-Speed Rail Complex

    News –

    • Union Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw inaugurated the ‘Aditya’ High-Speed Rail Complex at the BEML Thippasandra campus in Bengaluru.

    ‘Aditya’ High-Speed Rail Complex

    • It is a state-of-the-art manufacturing facility in Bengaluru established by BEML
    • Mandate – to build India’s first indigenous bullet train,

    Key Project Details

    • Location: BEML Thippasandra Campus, Bengaluru.
    • Flagship Project: The B-28 high-speed trainset, designed in collaboration with the Integral Coach Factory (ICF).
    • Capabilities:Features advanced robotic laser welding and universal hydraulic jigs.
    • Production targets an operational speed of 250km/hr.

    Related Articles

  • UPI Completes 10 Glorious Years | GalaxEye Launches Mission Drishti | Naval Anti-Ship Missile – Short Range (NASM-SR)

    UPI Completes 10 Glorious Years

    Syllabus: GS3/ Economy

    Context

    • The Unified Payments Interface has completed 10 years since its launch in April 2016.

    Unified Payments Interface (UPI)

    • Launched by – UPI was designed and launched by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) in 2016.
    • Objective – It is a system that powers multiple bank accounts into a single mobile application (of any participating bank), merging several banking features, seamless fund routing & merchant payments into one hood.
    • Countries with operational or planned interoperability include: Singapore (PayNow), UAE, France, Nepal, Bhutan, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and others.

    Additional Information – National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI)

    • Established in – It serves as an umbrella body for the operation of retail payments in India.
    • Established by – Reserve Bank of India along with the Indian Bank’s Association.
    • Established under – It was set up under the provisions of the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.

    Products of NPCI

    1. RuPay
    2. National Common Mobility Card
    3. Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM)
    4. Unified Payments Interface (UPI)
    5. Bharat Bill Payment System

    GalaxEye Launches Mission Drishti

    Syllabus: GS3/ Science and Technology

    Context

    • Indian space start-up GalaxEye has launched Mission Drishti, the world’s first OptoSAR satellite, aboard SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket from California in the United States.

    Mission Drishti

    • It is the world’s first OptoSAR satellite,
    • It was launched on May 3, 2026, by Indian space-tech startup GalaxEye (founded by IIT Madras alumni) on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket.
    • This 190 kg Earth Observation (EO) satellite integrates SAR and optical sensors for all-weather, high-resolution imagery.

    Key Features 

    • Technology: Combines Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) with Multi-spectral Optical sensors (OptoSAR) on a single platform.
    • Advantage: Unlike traditional satellites, it provides high-resolution imaging through clouds and at night.
    • Applications: Border surveillance, disaster management, agriculture, infrastructure monitoring, and defence.
    • Significance: India’s largest privately built satellite, boosting local private space capacity.
    • Mission Goal: Part of a planned constellation of 8-12 satellites by 2029

    Naval Anti-Ship Missile – Short Range (NASM-SR)

    Syllabus: GS3/ Defence

    Context

    • India successfully carried out the maiden launch of a Naval Anti-Ship Missile – Short Range (NASM-SR) from a Sea King helicopter off the Odisha coast in the Bay of Bengal.

    Naval Anti-Ship Missile – Short Range

    • It is an indigenously developed, air-launched anti-ship missile designed for helicopter-based maritime strike operations.
    • It is India’s first indigenous helicopter-launched anti-ship missile.
    • It is developed to replace British-origin Sea Eagle missiles.
    • It aimed to provide the Indian Navy with a high-precision, indigenous strike capability against maritime targets, strengthening defence self-reliance.
    • The system has been developed by the Research Centre Imarat under the Defence Research and Development Organisation, in collaboration with other labs.

    Related Articles

  • State Finance Commission (SFC)

    State Finance Commission (SFC)

    News –

    • The State Finance Commission (SFC) in Karnataka has recommended a high-level inquiry into electricity billing and payments for gram panchayat installation

    The State Finance Commission (SFC)

    • It is a constitutional body created under the 73rd and 74th Amendments to ensure the financial health of local governments.

    Constitutional Basis

    • Article 243-I: Governor appoints an SFC every 5 years for Panchayats.
    • Article 243-Y: Applies the same rule to Municipalities.

    Core Functions (Recommendations to Governor)

    • Tax Sharing: Dividing state tax revenues between the state and local bodies.
    • Tax Allocation: Deciding which taxes, tolls, and fees local bodies can collect.
    • Grants-in-Aid: Allocating funds to local bodies from the Consolidated Fund of the State.

    Related Articles

  • Andaman Sets two Guinness World Records | Lipulekh Pass | Fugitive Economic Offenders

    Andaman Sets two Guinness World Records

    Syllabus: GS1/Places in News

    Context

    • The Andaman and Nicobar Islands created another Guinness World Record with the formation of the tallest human stack underwater at Swaraj Dweep, formerly known as Havelock Island.

    About

    • The feat comes a day after the Union Territory administration achieved a landmark by unfurling the world’s largest underwater national flag, measuring approximately 60 by 40 metres.
    • Both the Guinness World Records are expected to draw national and international attention and will boost the profile of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands as a hub for scuba diving and eco-tourism.

    Andaman and Nicobar Islands

    • Location: The islands are located 1,300 km southeast of the Indian mainland in the Bay of Bengal.
    • It extends from 6° 45′ N to 13° 41′ N and from 92° 12′ E to 93° 57′ E.
    • The Southernmost Island is Great Nicobar whose southernmost tip is only 150 km away from Sumatra, Indonesia.
    • The highest point is Saddle Peak in North Andaman (732 metre), Mount Thullier in Great Nicobar (642 metre).
    • Pandunus or Nicobar Breadfruit is a rare fruit found in the Andaman and Nicobar islands.
    • Barren Island of the Andaman & Nicobar Island group is the only confirmed active volcano not just in India but the whole of South Asia.
    • Indira Point in Great Nicobar is the Southern-most point of India.

    Lipulekh Pass

    Syllabus: GS1/Geography

    In News

    • Nepal has objected to India’s plan to conduct the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra through the Lipulekh pass, which Nepal considers disputed territory.

    Lipulekh Pass

    • It is a high-altitude Himalayan pass in Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand (India).
    • It serves as a strategic tri-junction connecting India, China (Tibet), and Nepal.
    • It is accessed from India through Dharchula.
    • It is strategically and culturally important as a traditional route for Indian pilgrims on the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra.
    • It also has historical commercial value, as it became the first India–China border trade post when trade opened in 1992.

    What is the Dispute

    • The tension between India and Nepal over the Lipulekh Pass is a complex boundary dispute rooted in the 1816 Treaty of Sugauli.
    • The Treaty was signed between the British East India Company and the Kingdom of Nepal and established the Kali River (Mahakali) as Nepal’s western border.
    • Nepal claims the river originates at Limpiyadhura, which would place the Lipulekh and Kalapani regions within its territory.

    Fugitive Economic Offenders

    Syllabus: GS2/ Governance

    Context

    • The Enforcement Directorate (ED) has declared 21 individuals as Fugitive Economic Offenders (FEOs).

    Fugitive Economic Offender (FEO)

    • A Fugitive Economic Offender (FEO) is an individual against whom an Indian court has issued an arrest warrant for a specified economic offence involving ₹100 crore or more, and who has either left India to evade criminal prosecution or refuses to return from abroad to face the law.
    • This legal status was established under the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018 (FEOA) to deter economic offenders from evading justice by staying outside the jurisdiction of Indian courts

    Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018

    • Confiscation of Property: The Act empowers authorities to attach and confiscate properties of the offender located both in India and abroad.
    • The law also covers benami properties and assets indirectly controlled by the offender.
    • Bar on Civil Claims: The Act disallows declared FEOs from initiating or defending any civil claims in Indian courts.
    • Special Court Mechanism: The Act provides for adjudication of cases through special courts established under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002.

    Enforcement Directorate

    • Established in – On 1st May 1956, an ‘Enforcement Unit’ was formed. In the year 1957, this Unit was renamed as ‘Enforcement Directorate’.
    • Established under – It is a specialized financial investigation agency under the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance.
    • Functions – ED enforces the following laws
    1. Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA)
    2. Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA)
    3. The Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018 (FEOA).

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  • Kempegowda International Airport (KIA) in Bengaluru

    Kempegowda International Airport (KIA) in Bengaluru

    Context

    • “Bengaluru’s Soul”, a monumental 16-foot public art sculpture by world-renowned Spanish artist Jaume Plensa, has been officially unveiled at the Kempegowda International Airport (KIA) in Bengaluru.

    Kempegowda International Airport

    • It is an international airport serving Bangalore, the capital of Karnataka
    • It is owned and operated by Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL), a public–private consortium
    • It is named after Kempe Gowda I, the founder of Bangalore.
    • Kempegowda International Airport became Karnataka’s first fully solar powered airport, developed by CleanMax Solar
    • KIA’s Terminal 2 also secured second position as the World’s Best New Airport Terminal for terminals opened in 2023
    • Since opening in 2023, Terminal 2 has also received a UNESCO Prix Versailles World’s Most Beautiful Airport award along with a Special Prize for its interiors, LEED platinum certification, and more

    Related Articles

  • Election of UN Secretary-General | Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI) 2.0 Report

    Election of UN Secretary-General

    Syllabus: GS2/International Organizations

    Context

    • The election of the next UN Secretary-General is underway.

    Secretary-General as the UN

    • The Secretary-General is the UN’s Chief Administrative Officer, who oversees the work of the UN Secretariat and fulfills any other functions entrusted by the organisation’s principal organs.

    Elections:

    • Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.
    • This means that the Permanent Members of the Security Council – China, France, Russia, the U.K., and the U.S. have a significant say in who gets elected.

    Key Principal Organs of the UNO:

    • United Nations General Assembly (UNGA): The main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ, where all 193 member states have equal representation.
    • United Nations Security Council (UNSC): Responsible for maintaining international peace and security, with 15 members (5 permanent with veto power, 10 non-permanent).
    • Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC): Coordinates economic, social, and environmental work of the UN system, overseeing specialized agencies.
    • International Court of Justice (ICJ): The principal judicial organ, settling legal disputes submitted by states, located at The Hague.
    • Secretariat: Carries out the day-to-day work of the UN, administered by the Secretary-General.
    • Trusteeship Council: Established to supervise trust territories, it suspended operations in 1994 after Palau gained independence.
    • Headquarters: New York (UNGA, UNSC, ECOSOC, Secretariat, Trusteeship Council) and The Hague (ICJ).
    • Membership: 193 member states (all part of UNGA).

    Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI) 2.0 Report

    Syllabus: Miscellaneous

    Context

    • The Ministry of Panchayati Raj released the Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI) 2.0 Report (FY 2023–24) on National Panchayati Raj Day (24 April 2026).

    About

    • Objective – It is India’s first nationwide data-driven framework designed to act as a localized report card, evaluating and monitoring the performance of over 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats (GPs) and Traditional Local Bodies (TLBs).

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  • Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB)

    Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB)

    News –

    • The Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB) will now directly install Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) systems for non-compliant properties and recover the installation costs through monthly water bill installments.

    Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB)

    • Status: It is a statutory body established under the Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board Act, 1964.
    • Jurisdiction: Serves the entire Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) area covering 800 sq. km.
    • Mandate: Responsible for providing drinking water supply, managing the sewerage network, and safe disposal of sewage across Bengaluru.
    • Funding Model: Operates on a “no loss, no profit basis” by levying and collecting water charges to maintain system sustainability.
    • It provides several mobile applications for Bengaluru residents to streamline water management, pay bills, and log complaints.
    1. BWSSB CMS and Payment App: The primary consumer app for logging/tracking complaints and paying water bills using your RR number.
    2. Jala Doota: Allows users to report water and sewerage complaints by submitting geo-tagged photos directly to the board.
    3. Antharjala & Jalamithra: Additional consumer apps designed to apply for borewell No Objection Certificates (NOCs) and monitor leakages or drainage issues.

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  • MCQ’s on State Issues

    MCQ’s on State Issues

    1. With reference to the Karnataka Scheduled Castes (Sub-Classification) Bill, 2025, consider the following statements:
    1. The Bill seeks to divide all Scheduled Castes in Karnataka into smaller sub-groups for internal reservation purposes.
    2. The constitutional validity for such sub-classification was strengthened by a Supreme Court judgment delivered on August 1, 2024.
    3. The sub-classification framework is primarily based on empirical data compiled by Justice H.N. Nagamohan Das Commission.
    4. Under the revised internal reservation formula, “left-hand” groups and “right-hand” groups have been allotted equal quota shares within the existing Scheduled Castes reservation.
    5. The revised quota matrix increases the total reservation for Scheduled Castes in Karnataka from 15% to 20%.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. I, II, III and IV only
    2. I, III and V only
    3. II, IV and V only
    4. I, II, III, IV and V

    Answer: A

     

    1. With reference to the Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board, consider the following statements:
    1. It is a statutory body constituted under the Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board Act, 1964.
    2. Its jurisdiction extends across the entire area under the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP).
    3. The Board functions entirely through budgetary grants of the Karnataka Government and does not levy user charges.
    4. “Jala Doota” is a mobile application through which citizens can submit geo-tagged photographs of water and sewerage complaints.
    5. “Antharjala” and “Jalamithra” are consumer-oriented applications associated with borewell NOCs and monitoring of leakages or drainage issues.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
    2. 1, 3 and 4 only
    3. 1, 2, 4 and 5 only
    4. 2, 3, and 4 only 

    Answer: C

     

    1. With reference to Kempegowda International Airport, consider the following statements:
    1. The airport is named after Kempe Gowda I, who founded Bengaluru.
    2. It became Karnataka’s first fully solar-powered airport with the solar project developed by CleanMax Solar.
    3. Terminal 2 of the airport was adjudged the world’s best new airport terminal among those opened in 2023.
    4. Terminal 2 has received the UNESCO Prix Versailles World’s Most Beautiful Airport award along with a special prize for its interiors.
    5. “Bengaluru’s Soul”, unveiled at the airport, is a 16-foot public art sculpture created by Spanish artist Jaume Plensa.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 1, 2, 4 and 5 only
    2. 1, 3 and 5 only
    3. 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
    4. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

    Answer: A

     

    1. Assertion (A): The State Finance Commission was established to strengthen the financial position of Panchayats and Municipalities.

    Reason (R): Articles 243-I and 243-Y of the Constitution mandate the constitution of a State Finance Commission every five years to recommend principles for tax devolution and grants-in-aid to local bodies.

    Choose the correct answer using the code below:

    1. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
    2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
    3. A is true, but R is false.
    4. A is false, but R is true.

    Answer: A

     

    1. With reference to the ‘Aditya’ High-Speed Rail Complex, consider the following statements:
    1. The complex has been established by BEML in Bengaluru for developing India’s indigenous high-speed rail manufacturing capability.
    2. The B-28 high-speed trainset is being developed in collaboration with Integral Coach Factory.
    3. The facility incorporates advanced manufacturing technologies such as robotic laser welding and universal hydraulic jigs.
    4. The B-28 trainset is designed for an operational speed exceeding 400 km/hr.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 2, 3 and 4 only
    2. 1, 2 and 3 only
    3. 2 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: B

     

    1. With reference to Pneumonia, consider the following statements:
    1. It is an acute respiratory infection causing inflammation of the lung air sacs (alveoli).
    2. It can be transmitted through airborne droplets, surface contact, and blood during childbirth.
    3. Children under 5 years and adults above 65 years are among the most vulnerable groups.
    4. It remains the single largest identified cause of infant mortality in Karnataka.

    How many of the statements given above are NOT correct?

    1. Two 
    2. Three 
    3. Four 
    4. All are correct 

    Answer: D

     

    1. With reference to the Urban Challenge Fund (UCF), consider the following statements:
    1. The Urban Challenge Fund is a flagship scheme aimed at transforming India’s urban landscape through market-linked and reform-driven infrastructure financing.
    2. It is implemented as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
    3. The scheme operates for the period FY 2025–26 to FY 2030–31.
    4. The Union Government has allocated ₹1 lakh crore under the Urban Challenge Fund for urban transformation across India.
    5. Karnataka is expected to receive a baseline allocation of approximately ₹50,000–55,000 crore under the scheme.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 1, 2 and 3 only
    2. 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
    3. 1, 3, 4 and 5 only
    4. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

    Answer: B

     

    1. With reference to the Pan-IIT Bangalore Summit 2026, consider the following statements:
    1. It is organised by the Government of India in collaboration with the Pan IIT Alumni India Association.
    2. The summit is centred on the theme of “Technology Sovereignty” aimed at promoting national self-reliance and deep-tech innovation.
    3. The summit includes dedicated thematic tracks on AI, semiconductors, defence, energy, mobility, and healthcare.
    4. It is organised as a statutory initiative under the Union Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
    5. The summit exclusively focuses on cultural and heritage diplomacy rather than technological innovation.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 2 and 3 only
    2. 1 and 4 only
    3. 2, 3 and 5 only
    4. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

    Answer: A

     

    1. Consider the following statements regarding the report titled “Why do children fail in Kannada?” :
    1. The report is submitted by the Kannada Development Authority (KDA) and recommends making Kannada compulsory as either first or second language in all schools in Karnataka, including CBSE and ICSE institutions.
    2. It proposes replacing the three-language formula with a bilingual policy to reduce the academic burden on students.
    3. The report suggests reserving at least 25% of private sector jobs in Karnataka for students who studied in Kannada medium up to Class 10.
    4. It recommends making Kannada mandatory from Anganwadi and pre-primary levels with emphasis on language-focused learning materials.
    5. These recommendations align with the Kannada Language Learning Act, 2015, which mandates Kannada as a compulsory subject from Standards I to X in all schools in Karnataka.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 1, 2 and 5 only
    2. 1, 2, 4 and 5 only
    3. 1, 3, 4 and 5 only
    4. 2, 3 and 4 only

    Answer: B

     

    1. Which of the following statements is correct?
    1. Only Bengaluru is included in the plan for Sustainable data parks in Karnataka.
    2. Only Mysuru and Mangalore are included in the plan for Sustainable data parks in Karnataka.
    3. Only Bengaluru, Mysuru and Mangalore are included in the plan for Sustainable data parks in Karnataka.
    4. Only Mysuru and Bengaluru are included in the plan for Sustainable data parks in Karnataka.

    Answer: C

     

    1. Consider the following statements regarding the Greater Bengaluru Integrated Satellite Township (GBIST):
    1. The project is also known as the Greater Bengaluru Innovation and Tech City (GBIT).
    2. It is planned as a ₹18,133-crore “work-live-play” metropolis.
    3. The project is designed to serve as Bengaluru’s third Central Business District (CBD) to reduce urban congestion.
    4. Around 2,000 acres have been earmarked for AI-driven industries, tech hubs, and innovation centres.
    5. It is being developed as India’s first dedicated AI City.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 1, 2 and 4 only
    2. 1, 2, 4 and 5 only
    3. 2, 3 and 5 only
    4. 1, 3, 4 and 5 only

    Answer: B

     

    1. With reference to the Karnataka Platform-Based Gig Workers (Social Security and Welfare) Act, 2025, consider the following statements:
    1. The Act provides legal recognition and social protection to platform-based gig workers in Karnataka.
    2. A dedicated Welfare Fund is financed through a welfare fee levied on aggregator platforms, ranging from 1% to 5% of the payout per transaction.
    3. The Act mandates disclosure of algorithmic decision-making systems used by platforms to ensure transparency and fairness.
    4. Platforms can deactivate a worker without prior notice if the platform considers the worker’s performance unsatisfactory.
    5. Karnataka became the first state in India to launch and operationalize a dedicated digital grievance redressal system for platform-based gig workers.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 1, 2 and 3 only
    2. 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
    3. 2, 4 and 5 only
    4. 1, 3, 4 and 5 only

    Answer: B

     

    1. With reference to the recently launched respiratory health surveillance programme in Karnataka, consider the following statements:
    1. The programme has been launched by the Karnataka Home Department to monitor the respiratory health of traffic police and other frontline personnel exposed to urban air pollution.
    2. The initiative is an expansion of a two-year respiratory screening project conducted in Bengaluru that covered 3,287 traffic police personnel.
    3. The screening project established a direct causal relationship between urban air pollution and chronic respiratory diseases among all screened personnel.
    4. The Vaayu Respiratory Foundation has been designated as the primary technical agency for implementing the programme across the state.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 1, 2 and 4 only
    2. 1 and 2 only
    3. 2, 3 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: A

     

    1. With reference to the CoE SpaceTech Foundation recently launched in Karnataka, consider the following statements:
    1. The CoE SpaceTech Foundation has been established as India’s first state-led Centre of Excellence dedicated to Space Technology.
    2. The Centre is located in the Aerospace Park in Bengaluru, Karnataka.
    3. It has been launched jointly by the Karnataka Innovation and Technology Society (KITS) and the Satcom Industry Association (SIA-India).
    4. The primary objective of the Centre is to promote basic space science research in universities rather than commercial applications of space technologies.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 1, 2 and 3 only
    2. 1 and 4 only
    3. 2, 3 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: A

     

    1. Consider the following pairs regarding the ELEVATE Startup Support Programmes of Karnataka:

           Programme                      :                  Objective

    1. ELEVATE (General)  :  One-time grant of up to ₹50 lakh for prototype development, market validation and business scaling.
    2. ELEVATE Unnati  :  Seed funding support for startups led by SC/ST entrepreneurs.
    3. ELEVATE NxT  :  Promotion of handicrafts and traditional industries through cluster-based development.
    4. ELEVATE WomEN  :  Acceleration and support for women-led startups
    5. ELEVATE Minorities  :  Dedicated support for entrepreneurs from minority communities

    Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

    1. 1, 2, 4 and 5 only
    2. 1, 2 and 3 only
    3. 3, 4 and 5 only
    4. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

    Answer: A

     

    1. Consider the following monuments: 
    1. Gagan Mahal
    2. Anegundi Fort
    3. Kumararamana Kumatadurga Fort, 
    4. Taj Bawadi
    5. Basavakalyan Fort

    How many of the above are selected under the Namma Smaraka Initiative:

    1. Only Two
    2. Only Three
    3. Only Four
    4. All Five

    Answer: D

     

    1. Consider the following pairs regarding Karnataka’s initiatives for curbing crimes against women:

           Scheme/Initiative            :               Objective

    1. Akka Pade   :    Deployment of women Home Guards to prevent public harassment.
    2. Akka Helpline   :    WhatsApp-based support for cybercrime complaints and legal counselling.
    3. Santhwana Scheme  :  Hospital-based centres providing medical and legal aid to victims.
    4. Gelathi Units  :  24×7 taluk-level support centres for victims of domestic violence.
    5. Stairya Nidhi Yojane :  Financial assistance and rehabilitation support for crime victims

    How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

    1. Only Two
    2. Only Three
    3. Only Four
    4. All Five

    Answer: B

     

    1. With reference to urban traffic congestion, consider the following statements:
    1. According to the TomTom Traffic Index, the global average traffic congestion index has increased from 20% to 25%.
    2. The increase in the global average traffic congestion index represents a rise of 5 percentage points.
    3. Bengaluru is ranked as the most congested city in the world according to the TomTom Traffic Index.
    4. The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) has cited TomTom Traffic Index data while highlighting urban traffic congestion issues.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 1, 2 and 4 only
    2. 1 and 3 only
    3. 2, 3 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: A

     

    1. Consider the following statements regarding the State Education Policy (SEP) initiative in Karnataka:
    1. The Karnataka government has constituted a six-member Cabinet sub-committee to review the State Education Policy (SEP) report.
    2. The sub-committee is chaired by G. Parameshwara.
    3. The SEP report reviewed by the committee consists of eight volumes.
    4. The SEP report was prepared and submitted by Prof. Sukhdeo Thorat.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 2, 3 and 4 only
    3. 1, 2 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: D

     

    1. Consider the following statements regarding the proposed ‘Wisdom Valley’ project in Karnataka:
    1. The project has been proposed by the Karnataka State Policy and Planning Commission.
    2. Wisdom Valley is planned as a world-class Knowledge City in Bengaluru Airport City near Devanahalli.
    3. The estimated cost of the project is ₹1,55,000 crore.
    4. The project aims to develop North Bengaluru into a global hub for education, research, and high-tech innovation on the lines of Silicon Valley.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 2, 3 and 4 only
    3. 1, 2 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: C

     

    1. Consider the following statements regarding the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988:
    1. In Karnataka, the Act is primarily enforced by the Karnataka Lokayukta.
    2. Under the Act a public servant convicted of taking a bribe may face imprisonment ranging from 3 to 7 years along with a fine.
    3. The Act deals with criminal misconduct, including misappropriation of property and illicit enrichment.
    4. According to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), Karnataka recorded the highest number of registered corruption cases in India.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 1, 2 and 3 only
    2. 2 and 4 only
    3. 1, 3 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: A

     

    1. Consider the following statements regarding the Commercial Asset Management Platform (CAMP):
    1. The platform has been launched by the Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC).
    2. CAMP is a centralized platform designed to streamline and monitor BMTC’s non-fare revenue streams.
    3. The platform primarily focuses on improving revenue generated from commercial assets rather than passenger fares.
    4. BMTC operates the urban public bus transport system in Bengaluru.

    How many of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 2
    2. 3
    3. 4
    4. 1

    Answer: C

     

    1. Consider the following statements regarding Kartavya-KAAMS:
    1. Kartavya-KAAMS stands for Karnataka Advanced Attendance Management System.
    2. The mobile application has been launched by the Department of School Education and Literacy (DSEL).
    3. The app is intended to monitor the attendance of permanent teaching and non-teaching staff in government schools.
    4. The system has been introduced to strengthen accountability and attendance management within the school education sector.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 2, 3 and 4 only
    3. 1, 3 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: D

     

    1. Consider the following statements regarding the ‘Bhoo Guarantee’ (Nanna Khata, Nanna Hakku) Scheme of Karnataka:
    1. The scheme aims to provide secure and digitized property records to nearly 23 lakh property owners in Bengaluru.
    2. Under the scheme, the fee for conversion of B-Khata properties to A-Khata has been reduced from 5% to 2% of the property’s guidance value.
    3. Digital e-Khatas issued under the scheme incorporate features such as GPS mapping, Aadhaar linkage, and owner photographs to reduce fraud.
    4. Weekly open-house camps are being organized every Saturday across Assembly constituencies to facilitate property-related services and reduce dependence on middlemen.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 1 and 2 only
    2. 2, 3 and 4 only
    3. 1, 3 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: D

     

    1. Consider the following statements regarding the Karnataka State Action Plan on Climate Change (KSAPCC):
    1. The KSAPCC (2024–2030) is designed to address climate risks in Karnataka while aligning state actions with India’s national climate goals.
    2. The plan, led by the Environment Management and Policy Research Institute (EMPRI), mandates climate targets across 13 state departments.
    3. The plan emphasizes centralized climate governance by restricting implementation and monitoring to state-level agencies alone.
    4. Key interventions under the plan include drought-resistant crops, artificial aquifer recharge, Western Ghats afforestation, solar grid integration, and localized urban climate action plans.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 1, 2 and 4 only
    2. 1 and 3 only
    3. 2, 3 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: A

     

    1. Consider the following statements regarding Lakkundi:
    1. Lakkundi, known in ancient times as Lokkigundi, flourished under the Kalyana Chalukyas and emerged as an important commercial centre with a royal mint (Tankashale).
    2. The architectural tradition of Lakkundi represents the Kalyana Chalukya style, a transitional phase between the Badami Chalukya and Hoysala styles, characterized by the use of chloritic schist (soapstone).
    3. The Brahma Jinalaya, built by Queen Attimabbe around 1007 CE, is regarded as the oldest Jain shrine in Lakkundi.
    4. Lakkundi was exclusively a Shaivite centre and lacks evidence of Jain or Vaishnavite religious traditions.

    Which of the statements given above are correct?

    1. 1, 2 and 3 only
    2. 1 and 4 only
    3. 2, 3 and 4 only
    4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

    Answer: A

     

    Key Answers

    01). A     

    02). C

    03). A

    04). A

    05). B

    06). D

    07). B

    08). A

    09). B

    10). C

    11). B

    12). B

    13). A

    14). A

    15). A

    16). D

    17). B

    18). A

    19). D

    20). C

    21). A

    22). C

    23). D

    24). D

    25). A

    26). A

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